Juniperus Communis
Juniperus communis, theĀ common juniper, is aĀ speciesĀ ofĀ coniferĀ in theĀ genusĀ Juniperus, in theĀ familyĀ Cupressaceae.Ā
Juniperus communisĀ is a small coniferousĀ evergreenĀ treeĀ or shrub, very variable in form, ranging from 10 m ,rarely 16Ā m tall to a low, often prostrate spreading shrub in exposed locations. It has needle-like leaves in whorls of three; the leaves are green, with a single white stomatal band on the inner surface. It never attains adult foliage.Ā It is dioecious, with male and female cones, which are wind pollinated, on separate plants.
The fruit are berry-like cones, initially green, ripening in 18 months to purple-black with a blue waxyĀ coating; they are spherical, 4ā12Ā mm diameter. The seeds are dispersed when birdsĀ eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard, unwinged seeds in their droppings.